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通用英语语法

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现代英语在某些情况下看来一种省略介词的趋势。

1)省去as,如:

I consider him an expert.
我认为他是一位专家,(him之后省去as,现在一般认为不应用as)

2)省去at,如:

What time did you arrive home?
你什么时候到家的?(what前省去at)

It is hard work keeping the grass green this time of year.
一年中这个时节保持绿草不枯,要费很大气力。(this time前省去at)

3)省去by,如:

I sent the letter airmail.
我将此信由航空寄出。(airmail前省去by)

I want to go economy.
我要节约。(economy前省去by)

4)省去from,如:

Illness prevented him going.
疾病使他未能成行。(going前省去from)

Can't you stop the child getting into mischief?
你就不能使孩子不淘气?(getting前省去from)

5)省去in,如:

I had started a schoolboy diary the same year I entered the Latin School, in 1928.
我作为学生记日记是我于1928年进入拉丁学校时开始的。(the same year前省去in)

They have recruited few new barbers the past three years.
在过去三年中,他们很少补充新理发师。(the past three years前省去in)

有些动名词之前常省去in,如:

I have been some time answering this question.
我想了一些时候才回答这个问题。(answering前省去in)

He showed his appreciation for her assistance helping him practice English.
他对她帮他练习英语表示感谢。(helping前省去in)

6)省去of,如:

The Pacific Ocean is so big that it could hold twenty countries the size of the United States.
太平洋很大,它可以装得下20个美国那样大的国家。(the size前省去of)

What colour is it?
它是什么颜色?(what前省去of)

He plunged out the doors.
他冲出门口。(美国英语out=out of)

7)省去on,如:

The police arrested him on an assault charge the evening of November 18.
警察于11月18日以殴打罪逮捕了他。(the evening前省去on)

He meant to go hunting.
他意欲打猎。(hunting前省去on。现今也有语法认为go是连系动词,hunting是表语)

8)省去to,如:

He never failed to show the traditional respect due Prof. Lin.
他对林教授一向按照传统尊崇备至。(due后省去to)

The reception accorded the book has been very gratifying.
这本书受到欢迎是非常可喜的事。(accorded后省去to)

9)在列举一系列名词时,介词可省去,以免重复,如:

When you're lying without moving, you suddenly get an itch on the shoulder, the head, the back.
当你躲着一动不动时,你会突然感到肩上、头上、背上一陈搔痒。

但在下面句子中由于强调介词of,故须重复:

He was guilty of vanity, of several meannesses.
他有虚荣心,干过好几桩卑劣的事。

下面一句中连词and前后的介词不同,故一般皆不可省略:

Dr. Sun has agreed to be an adviser to and member of the board of the college.
孙博士同意担任这所学院的顾问和董事。

[注]在某些现成说法中,介词的宾词亦可省略。如:

Have you put the kettle on?
你把水壶放在炉子上了吗?(介词on后省去the fire)

When do you go off?
你什么时候休息?(介词off后省去duty)
 
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