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介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语（prepositional phrase）。介词短语在句中可作为：
1）主语，如：
That day between three and four thousand shells passed over our heads.
那一天，有三千到四千发炮弹从我们头上飞过。
From Beijing to Tianjin is two hours by train.
从北京到天津坐火车需要二小时。
2）表语，如：
She looks like an actress.
她像演员。
Mr. and Mrs. Smith are from New York.
史密斯夫妇是纽约人。
[注]以前人们多把He is in the house.中的is看作行为动词（=exists），而把in the house看作状语。现在人们多把is看作连系动词，从而把in the house看作表语。
3）宾语，如：
I'll give you until tomorrow.
我给你限期到明天。
The eight thieves served a sentence of between 2 and 7 years.
8个盗窃犯服刑二到七年。
4）定语，如：
The end of colonialism is now a question of time.
殖民主义的结束现在已是一个时间问题了。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难见真知。
5）状语，如：
Albert has so much work to do that he is staying late at the office.
艾伯特工作很多，现在在办公室加班呢。
Dona covered her face with her hand as if swooning.
多娜用手捂着脸，好像要昏过去。
Lombard dropped to his knees and peeped through the keyhole.
隆巴德跪在地上，从锁孔往里窥视。
Notwithstanding the bad weather, the ship arriver on schedule.
尽管天气很坏，该船仍按时抵达。
6）补语，如：
As a scientist, he was dedicated to the truth.
作为一个科学家，他献身于追求真理。（主语补语）
They found themselves in a dark wood.
他们不觉走入一座黑沉沉的树林。（宾语补语）
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